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''Le Fumeur'' (en. ''The Smoker''), or ''Man with Pipe'', is a Cubist painting by the French artist Jean Metzinger. It has been suggested that the sitter depicted in the painting represents either Guillaume Apollinaire or Max Jacob.〔Joann Moser, ''Jean Metzinger in Retrospect, Cubist works, 1910–1921’’, The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press 1985, pp. 44, 56〕〔Guillaume Apollinaire, « Quatre nouveaux artistes français », 4 juillet 1914, dans Chroniques d’art 1902-1918, textes réunis avec préface et notes par Leroy C. Breunig, Paris, Gallimard, « Folio essais », 2002, p. 505.〕〔(Nausicaa Dewez, « "... il faut qu’un portrait soit ressemblant pour moi, et bien peint pour la postérité". Le critique d’art face à son portrait », dans Interférences littéraires, nouvelle série, n° 2, « Iconographies de l’écrivain » ), s. dir. Nausicaa Dewez & David Martens, mai 2009, pp. 41-57〕 The work was exhibited in the spring of 1914 at the Salon des Indépendants, Paris, Champ-de-Mars, March 1–April 30, 1914, no. 2289, Room 11.〔(Maurice Sérullaz, Le Cubisme, Que sais-je ? N° 1036, Presses universitaires de France, 1963 )〕 A photograph of ''Le Fumeur'' was published in Le Petit Comtois (''Au Salon des Indépendants, Les chefs-d'œuvre modernes''), 13 March 1914, for the occasion of the exhibition.〔(Le Petit Comtois, ''Au Salon des Indépendants, Les chefs-d'œuvre modernes'', 13 March 1914, Culture Besançon )〕 In July 1914 the painting was exhibited in Berlin at Herwarth Walden’s Galerie Der Sturm, with works by Albert Gleizes, Raymond Duchamp-Villon and Jacques Villon.〔Guillaume Apollinaire, Paris-Journal, 3 juillet, 1914〕〔(Gleizes / Metzinger / Duchamp-Villon / Villon, Der Sturm, Volume 5, Number 8, 15 July 1914. Princeton Blue Mountain collection )〕 ''Le Fumeur'', titled ''Man with Pipe'' and dated c. 1912, forms part of the permanent collection of the Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (gift of G. David Thompson, 1953).〔(Carnegie Museum of Art, Jean Metzinger, ''Man with Pipe'' )〕 ==Description== ''Le Fumeur'', signed "JMetzinger" (lower left) is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 129.7 x 96.68 cm (51 1/16 x 38 1/16 in.), representing an elegantly dressed man—sitting in what appears to be a café〔—perhaps Guillaume Apollinaire or Max Jacob,〔 two long-time friend of the artist. The vertical composition is painted in a geometrically Cubist style. The sitter, smoking a pipe and wearing a fashionable black felt derby hat, is seen in multiple perspective; from different points of view simultaneously. The global composition is highly geometricized, with various planes, angles, layers and facets, as are specific elements depicted on the trompe-l'œil wooden table in the foreground (as if seen from above). The roundness and shading of the mans attire (particularly in the sleeves) stands in sharp contrast to the angular momentum engendered by the overall cubic construction of the piece; while the chairs in the lower half of the work and flowered wallpaper of the background are treaded in comparatively naturalistic detail, similar to the backgrounds of late 19th century portraits.〔〔 The colors used by Metzinger, accentuated by a contrasting range of blacks and whites, are bright and largely unmixed. The move away from more subtle tonalities of his earlier Cubist work; ''Portrait of an American Smoker'', ''Portrait of Albert Gleizes'' (both from 1911–12) closely relates ''Le Fumeur'' with a series of portraits painted by Metzinger circa 1913; ''Woman with a Fan'', ''Portrait of Max Jacob'', and ''La Fumeuse''.〔 As in these latter works, the decorative patterning assumes a principal role in the composition.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Le Fumeur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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